Article Sidebar

Submitted
Dec 19, 2023
Accepted
Jun 26, 2024
Published
Jun 30, 2024
Download
pdf
Statistic
Read Counter : 799 Download : 377

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Main Article Content

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants serve dual roles, offering remedies for various diseases and income-generation opportunities. Ancient Indian texts, including Ayurveda, extensively document plant use in healthcare. Globally, medicinal plants are vital resources in the fight against severe diseases. Essential oils in plants provide distinct aromas, flavors, and pathogen protection. Tithonia erecta flower oil boasts a complex composition with diverse beneficial properties. Exocarp extract from Citrus sinensis differs from juice or leaf extracts, containing more lipophilic compounds but fewer glycosylated compounds and lacking cyanidins and sterols. Eucalyptus globulus oil acts as an antiseptic and anti-spasmodic stimulant for respiratory issues. Scented candles are a popular relaxation method, promoting well-being through ambient lighting. This study aims to create practical scented candles using natural materials like soy wax, beeswax, and essential oils.


Methods: The desired candle should offer a long burn time, be cost-effective, and pose no health risks to users. The candle composition includes gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. This study involves preparing and evaluating polyherbal scented candles using volatile oils extracted through the enfleurage method.


Results: The phytochemical analysis of these extracts revealed the presence of volatile oils, alkaloids and proteins. The FTIR analysis reveals the presence of OH group in these extracts.


Conclusion: This research successfully developed a natural polyherbal scented candle with extended burn time, cost-effectiveness, and user safety. Antioxidants prevent undesired changes during production and use. The candle contains gel wax, vegetable or animal fat, eucalyptus leaves, marigold petals, and orange peels. Evaluation tests confirmed safety and effectiveness. Among formulations, F1 is fragrance-minimal and allergy-free, while others may cause counter-irritation. This eco-friendly product provides a fresh herbal fragrance for stress relief and is competitively priced.

Keywords

scented candles soy wax beeswax essential oils enfleurage method

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Thimmapuram, U. K. R. (2024). Preparation And Evaluation Of Polyherbal Scented Candle Using Volatile Oils Extracted By Enfleurage Method: Evaluation Of Polyherbal Scented Candle . INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD), 6(1), 38–48. https://doi.org/10.36566/ijhsrd/Vol6.Iss1/192

References

  1. Wilson EJ. The nose knows: new product development at Yankee Candle Company. Journal of Business Research. 2005 Jul 1;58(7):989-94.
  2. Bartsch J, Uhde E, Salthammer T. Analysis of odour compounds from scented consumer products using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry. Analytica chimica acta. 2016 Jan 21; 904:98-106.
  3. Derudi M, Gelosa S, Sliepcevich A, Cattaneo A, Rota R, Cavallo D, Nano G. Emissions of air pollutants from scented candles burning in a test chamber. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Aug 1; 55:257-62.
  4. Petry T, Vitale D, Joachim FJ, Smith B, Cruse L, Mascarenhas R, Schneider S, Singal M. Human health risk evaluation of selected VOC, SVOC and particulate emissions from scented candles. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2014 Jun 1;69(1):55-70.
  5. Stabile L, Fuoco FC, Buonanno G. Characteristics of particles and black carbon emitted by combustion of incenses, candles, and anti-mosquito products. Building and Environment. 2012 Oct 1; 56:184-91.
  6. Derudi M, Gelosa S, Sliepcevich A, Cattaneo A, Rota R, Cavallo D, Nano G. Emissions of air pollutants from scented candles burning in a test chamber. Atmospheric Environment. 2012 Aug 1; 55:257-62.
  7. Petry T, Vitale D, Joachim FJ, Smith B, Cruse L, Mascarenhas R, Schneider S, Singal M. Human health risk evaluation of selected VOC, SVOC and particulate emissions from scented candles. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2014 Jun 1;69(1):55-70.
  8. Stabile L, Fuoco FC, Buonanno G. Characteristics of particles and black carbon emitted by combustion of incenses, candles, and anti-mosquito products. Building and Environment. 2012 Oct 1; 56:184-91.
  9. Ahn JH, Kim KH, Kim YH, Kim BW. Characterization of hazardous and odorous volatiles emitted from scented candles before lighting and when lit. Journal of hazardous materials. 2015 Apr 9; 286:242-51.
  10. Carroll AL, Desai SH, Atsumi S. Microbial production of scent and flavor compounds. Current opinion in biotechnology. 2016 Feb 1; 37:8-15.
  11. Orecchio S. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor emission from decorative candles. Atmospheric Environment. 2011 Mar 1;45(10):1888-95.
  12. Balti MA, Hadrich B, Kriaa K, Kechaou N. Lab-scale extraction of essential oils from Tunisian lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus). Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification [Internet]. Elsevier BV; 2018 Feb; 124:164–73
  13. Han X, Parker TL. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) essential oil demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect in pre-inflamed human dermal fibroblasts. Biochimie open. 2017 Jun 1; 4:107-11.
  14. Desai MA, Parikh J, De AK. Modelling and optimization studies on extraction of lemongrass oil from Cymbopogon flexuosus (Steud.) Wats. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2014 May 1;92(5):793-803.
  15. Tasnim, T., Lucida, M.I.,(2020). The relationship between cadre’s capacity and assessing to the fast food seller’s performance in food hygiene and sanitation in Mokoau Primary Health Care, Kendari City. Infectious Disease Reports. 12 (S1.8765), 128-131. DOI: https://doi:10.4081/idr.2020.8765
  16. Hien TT, Nhan NPT, Trinh ND, Ho VTT, Bach LG. Optimizing the Pomelo Oils Extraction Process by Microwave-Assisted Hydro-Distillation Using Soft Computing Approaches. Solid State Phenomena [Internet]. Trans Tech Publications, Ltd.; 2018 Aug;279:217–21.
  17. Tran TH, Nguyen HH, Nguyen DC, Nguyen TQ, Tan H, Nhan LT, Nguyen DH, Tran LD, Do ST, Nguyen TD. Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil from vietnamese basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) using response surface methodology. Processes. 2018 Oct 25;6(11):206.
  18. Rajeswari G, Priyanka B, Amrutha RE, Rajaram C, Kanhere RS, Nelson Kumar S. Hibiscus tiliaceus: A possible immunomodulatory agent. Journal of Pharmacy Research
  19. Taxonomical Index. Botanica Marina [Internet]. Walter de Gruyter GmbH; 2002 Jan 1;45(6).
  20. Favela-Hernández J, González-Santiago O, Ramírez-Cabrera M, Esquivel-Ferriño P, Camacho-Corona M. Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus sinensis. Molecules [Internet]. MDPI AG; 2016 Feb 22;21(2):247.
  21. Tasnim.,T., Sunarsih (2023). Analysis of impaired kidney function in the community around the Morosi nickel mines. Journal of Public Health in Africa. 14(9). 1-12. DOI:
  22. https://doi.org/10.4081/jphia.2023.2700
  23. Egbuonu A, Osuji C. Proximate Compositions and Antibacterial Activity of Citrus sinensis (Sweet Orange) Peel and Seed Extracts. European Journal of Medicinal Plants [Internet]. Sciencedomain International; 2016 Jan 10;12(3):1–7.
  24. Vipin, Sharma V, Gupta SK. Molecular identification of victim species and its sex from the ash: a case of burning alive leopard (Panthera pardus). International Journal of Legal Medicine [Internet]. Springer Science and Business Media LLC; 2017 Jun 6;132(4):1075–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-017-1619-1
  25. Abdo BM. Physico-Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Eucalyptus globulus Labill and Eucalyptus citriodora Essential Oils in Ethiopia. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants [Internet]. Longdom Group; 2019;08(02
  26. Tiţa O. Antioxidant and Antiseptic Properties of Volatile Oils from Different Medicinal Plants: A Review. International Journal of Pharmacognosy & Chinese Medicine [Internet]. Medwin Publishers; 2019;3(3):1–13.
  27. Advances in novel carrier systems of chemical constituents from spice volatile oils. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica [Internet]. China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica; 2015 Oct 15;
  28. Shahi UP. assessment of erodibility indices of soil to predict soil erosion susceptibility. th4 Global Meet on Science and Technology.:182.
  29. Palithya S, Gaddam SA, Kotakadi VS, Penchalaneni J, Golla N, Krishna SB, Naidu CV. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Aerva lanata and their biomedical applications. Particulate Science and Technology. 2022 Jan 2;40(1):84-96.
  30. Gupta D K, Gupta R, Tiwari A. Novel Formulation and Evaluation of Poly Herbal Mosquito Repellent. Research Square; 2022. DOI: 10.21203/Rs.3. Rs-1900478/V1.