Background: Parenting in the family plays an important role in the growth and development of toddlers, including their nutritional status. The age of the mother at the time of marriage also affects the parenting pattern provided, including the possibility of malnutrition. This study aims to determine the relationship between maternal parenting and the nutritional status of children under five in families who marry early in Palu City.
Methods: The approach in this study is quantitative. Type is an observational study, using a cross-sectional design with the free variable being the mother's parenting style, and the bound variable is the nutritional status of toddlers. This study was conducted over 2 months, from March to April 2019 with a sample consisting of 75 mothers who married early (<18 years) and had toddlers in Palu City. Data were collected through questionnaires as well as weight and height measurements with chi-square analysis and logistic regression with p<0.05.
Results: The results showed that 57.3% of mothers who married early implemented good parenting, and among them, 81.4% had children with normal nutritional status. There was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between the parenting style of mothers who married early and the nutritional status of children under five in Palu City (PR=2.5; CI95% 1.21-5.20). In the multivariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between maternal education, family income, and husband support (p<0.05), while maternal work and family size with nutritional status of toddlers were not significantly linked. Mothers who marry early with good parenting are more likely to have normal nutritious toddlers than those who are not good.
Conclusion: This study concludes that there is a relationship between maternal parenting and the quality of nutritional status of children under five in families who marry early.
- 1. Indonesian Ministry of Health. Data and Information on Indonesia Health Profile 2017. Profil Kesehat Indones. 2018;2(3):100.
- 2. WHO. Levels and Trends in Child Malnutrition. Asia-Pacific Popul J. 2018;24(2):51–78.
- 3. Report GN. Global Nutrition Report- Shining a Light to Spur Action on Nutrition. Glob Nutr Rep. 2018;(June):118.
- 4. Basic Health Research. National Basic Health Research Report 2018. Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes. 2018. p. hal 156.
- 5. Supariasa IDN, Bakri B, Fajar I. Nutritional status assessment (revised edition). Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta: Kedokteran EGC; 2013. 23 p.
- 6. Engle PL. Care and Nutrition: Concepts and Measurement. Int Food Policy Res Inst. 1997;1–29.
- 7. Morowatisharifabad MA, Khankolabi M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Fallahzade H, Gerami MH, Salehi-Abargouei A. Parenting style, parental feeding practices and children’s nutritional status in authoritative parenting style model: A structural equation modeling. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2017;19(3).
- 8. United Nations Children’s Fund. Child marriage in Indonesia. Progress on Pause. Unicef. 2016;1–107.
- 9. Central Statistics Agency. Child Marriage in Indonesia (2013 and 2015) Revised Edition. UNICEF-Indonesia. 2016. 1–54 p.
- 10. Windari EN, Trisintyandika I, Santoso D. The Relationship between Parenting Patterns and the Development of Preschool Children in Early Married Mothers in the Jabung Health Center Area. J Issues Midwifery. 2017;17(1):19–24.
- 11. De Groot R, Kuunyem MY, Palermo T, Osei-Akoto I, Adamba C, Darko JK, et al. Child marriage and associated outcomes in northern Ghana: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):1–12.
- 12. Munarni. The Effect Of Family Characteristics And Parenting Patterns On The Nutritional Status Of Toddlers In Sigumpar Village, Sigumpar District, Toba Regency In 2020. Int J Basic Appl Sci. 2021;10(3):108–14.
- 13. Sukesi, Tatarini Ika Pipitcahyani UAI. The Relationship Between Feeding Patterns and Nutritional Status of Toddlers. Vol. 11, Science Midwifery. Atlantis Press International BV; 2023. 601–611 p.
- 14. Santoso S, Lies A. Health and nutrition. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta; 2019.
- 15. Fauziah M, Permatasari TAE, Herdiansyah D, Latifah N, Albarbasy MM, Defriyana D. Factors Associated with the Nutritional Status of Toddlers at the Limo Community Health Center, Depok City, Indonesia. Int J Early Child Spec Educ. 2021;13(2):701–6.
- 16. Labada A, Ismanto YA, Kundre R. Relationship between Mother’s Characteristics and Nutritional Status of Toddlers Visiting Bahu Manado Health Center. eJournal Keperawatan(eKp) [Internet]. 2016;4(1):38–50. Available from: https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jkp/article/view/11899
- 17. Hidayati NID. The Relationship between Family Income and Food Security with Toddler Nutritional Status in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era in Pasuruan Regency. Media Gizi Kesmas. 2023;12(1):359–66.
- 18. Kasumayanti E, Zurrahmi Z.R. Relationship Between Family Income and Nutritional Status of Toddlers Aged 1-5 Years at Kisaran City Health Center in 2019. J Matern Kebidanan. 2020;5(2):55–63.
- 19. Purwanti R, Wati EK, Rahardjo S. Family characteristics related to nutritional status of toddlers aged 6-59 months. J Gizi Indones (The Indones J Nutr. 2016;5(1):50–4.
- 20. Mustafyani A, Trias Mahmudiono. Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, Husband’s Support, Behavioral Control, and Mother’s Intention with the Nutritional Levels of Mothers with Undernourished Toddlers. Indones J Public Heal. 2017;12(Desember):190–201.
- 21. Apriyanto D, Subagio HW, Sawitri DR. Parenting Patterns and Nutritional Status in Lape District, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. J Gizi Pangan. 2016;11(2):125–34.
- 22. Dwyer SC, Mathur S, Kirk K, Dadi C, Dougherty L. “When you live in good health with your husband, then your children are in good health ….” A qualitative exploration of how households make healthcare decisions in Maradi and Zinder Regions, Niger. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1–9.
Copyright (c) 2025 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Rights & Permissions Guide
Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers
It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyright holder).
Permission is required for:
- Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright.
- Substantial extracts from anyones’ works or a series of works.
- Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified.
- Photographs for which you do not hold copyright.
Permission is not required for:
- Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either “Data from…” or “Adapted from…”.
- Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission.
- Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission.
Obtaining Permission
In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. JNH cannot publish material from other publications without permission.
The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: “Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].’ at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme.
Every mansucript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication
Similar Articles
- Jumriah Abdullah, Tasnim Tasnim, La Banudi, COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT FOR ADOLESCENTS WHICH INFORMATION PROGRAMS AND TEENAGER COUNSELING ABOUT EARLY MARRIAGE IN STATE HIGH SCHOOLS IN KONAWE KEPULAUAN DISTRICT: EARLY MARRIAGE , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Tasnim Tasnim, Sugireng Sugireng, Imran Imran, Nur Illiyyin Akib, Early Detection Patterns Of Chronic Kidney Disease Based On Differences In Individual Health Status In Kendari City: Chronic Kidney Disease , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 5 No. 2 (2023): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Mariyatni Rasyid, Timbul Supodo, La Banudi, PROVISION OF SUPPLEMENTARY FOOD FOR SASIGO AND BISCUIT IN INCREASING THE WEIGHT OF CHILDREN : A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN NAMBO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN KENDARI CITY: SASIGO AND BISCUIT AND CHILDREN WEIGHT , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 3 No. 1 (2021): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Zahriatil Umri, Dien Gusta Anggraini Nursal, Ratno Widoyo, SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PARENTING PATTERNS ON THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN TODDLERS IN AKABILURU DISTRICT, LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY: PARENTING PATTERNS ON THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Tasnim Tasnim, THE EFFECT OF GIVING BREASTFEEDING ON BABY’S NUTRITIONAL STATUS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY IN NORTH BUTON DISTRICT, INDONESIA: EFFECT OF BREASTFEEDING , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Zahira Maya Syofa, Vivi Triana, Kamal Kasra, THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL FACTORS AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2024 INDONESIAN NUTRITIONAL STATUS SURVEY DATA: LOW BIRTH WEIGHT , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Fitri Rachmillah Fadmi, La Djabo Buton, DETERMINANT FACTORS OF UNDERNUTRITION IN PETOAHA VILLAGE: PATH ANALYSIS: Path analysis of determinants of undernutrition , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Hadafiah Hadafiah, Sunarsih Sunarsih, Erwin Azizi Jayadipraja, Putu Suri Saraswati, Sartini Risky, FACTORS RELATING TO THE UTILIZATION OF NCD INTEGRATED POST: Utilization of NCD Integrated Post , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 2 No. 1 (2020): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Rince Maripadang, Sunarsih Sunarsih, Sultan Akbar Toruntju, RISK FACTORS OF STUNTING IN THE SUB-DISTRICT OF SOUTH WAKORUMBA MUNA REGENCY: Stunting Risk Factor , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
- Sitti Aisa, Sunarsih Sunarsih, Nurmiaty Nurmiaty, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PROVIDING RACED CHICKEN EGGS ON THE NUTRITION FOR PREGNANT WOMEN IN CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY IN KENDARI CITY, SULAWESI, TENGGARA: Raced Chicken Eggs on theNutrition , INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD): Vol. 2 No. 2 (2020): INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.





