COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE START AND CTAS TRIAGE SYSTEMS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY DEPARTEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Wahyu Ade Wardani 1 Indonesia ROR , Al Mohades 1 Indonesia ROR , Zaqyyah Huzaifah 1 Indonesia ROR
1 Universitas Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin ROR
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Published 2026-06-20
Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026) PAGES 95-100
DOI 10.36566/ijhsrd/Vol8.Iss1/365
Views / Downloads 139 101

Background:

Emergency departments (ED) are often overwhelmed during mass casualty incidents (MCI). The trade-off between the speed of Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) and the accuracy of the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) poses a management dilemma. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of START and CTAS in ED.

Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Sixteen publications from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PMC were evaluated with five main articles analyzed for direct comparison.

Results: The study shows that START is proven to be much faster (average of 33 seconds/patient) with high sensitivity in critical patients but has a high risk of under triage, whereas CTAS takes longer (138 seconds/patient) but excels in clinical accuracy and resource allocation precision. There is no single ideal instrument for MCI.

Conclusion: The implementation of a dual triage model using START at the ED entrance followed by CTAS in the care area is highly recommended to optimally balance response speed and patient safety.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE START AND CTAS TRIAGE SYSTEMS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY DEPARTEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW : DISASTER MANAGEMENT. (2026). INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD), 8(1), 95-100. https://doi.org/10.36566/ijhsrd/Vol8.Iss1/365
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triage emergency departement mass casualty START CTAS

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