INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD)
Indonesian journal of health sciences research and development is a double blind peer reviewed international journal. The frequency is monthly from 2019. It deals with all aspects of health sciences including Community Medicine, Public Health, Epidemiology, Occupational Health, Environmental Hazards, Clinical Research, and Public Health Laws, pharmacology biotechnology, health instruments, nursing, clinical psychology and covers all medical specialties concerned with research and development for the masses. The journal strongly encourages reports of research carried out within Indonesian continent and South East Asia.
Copyright Rights & Permissions Guide Reproducing Published Material from other Publishers It is absolutely essential that authors obtain permission to reproduce any published material (figures, schemes, tables or any extract of a text) which does not fall into the public domain, or for which they do not hold the copyright. Permission should be requested by the authors from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher, please refer to the imprint of the individual publications to identify the copyright holder). Permission is required for: Your own works published by other Publishers and for which you did not retain copyright. Substantial extracts from anyones’ works or a series of works. Use of Tables, Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks if they are unaltered or slightly modified. Photographs for which you do not hold copyright. Permission is not required for: Reconstruction of your own table with data already published elsewhere. Please notice that in this case you must cite the source of the data in the form of either “Data from…” or “Adapted from…”. Reasonably short quotes are considered fair use and therefore do not require permission. Graphs, Charts, Schemes and Artworks that are completely redrawn by the authors and significantly changed beyond recognition do not require permission. Obtaining Permission In order to avoid unnecessary delays in the publication process, you should start obtaining permissions as early as possible. If in any doubt about the copyright, apply for permission. JNH cannot publish material from other publications without permission. The copyright holder may give you instructions on the form of acknowledgement to be followed; otherwise follow the style: “Reproduced with permission from [author], [book/journal title]; published by [publisher], [year].’ at the end of the caption of the Table, Figure or Scheme. Every mansucript should be accompanied by "Copyright Transfer Agreement" prior to the article publication
THE EVALUATION OF DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PRESCRIPTIONS FOR HEART DISEASE PATIENTS AT THE XYZ PHARMACY IN 2024
Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with treatment commonly involving polypharmacy, which increases the risk of drug interactions. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in prescriptions of heart disease patients at XYZ Pharmacy in 2024. This study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach through prescription review. A total of 45 prescriptions that met the inclusion criteria were selected using total sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequency and percentage. Results: The results showed that most prescriptions contained 3–4 drugs (62.2%), indicating polypharmacy. A total of 92 potential drug interaction cases were identified, consisting of 79.30% pharmacodynamic interactions and 20.70% pharmacokinetic interactions. Pharmacokinetic interactions occurred during the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion phases, with examples including digoxin–spironolactone, clopidogrel–lansoprazole, and metformin–furosemide. The most common interaction combinations occurred between cardiovascular drugs (54.35%). Conclusion: In conclusion, there are potential pharmacokinetic drug interactions in prescriptions of heart disease patients at XYZ Pharmacy in 2024. These findings highlight the importance of drug interaction screening in pharmaceutical services to improve the safety and effectiveness of therapy.
Copyright (c) 2026 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
THE ANALYSIS OF PHARMACEUTICAL ASPECT OF PRESCRIPTIONS FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS IN SUNGAI TUTUNG HEALTH CARE
Background: Pharmaceutical care for pediatric patients requires high accuracy because drug dosage must be adjusted according to age, body weight, and physiological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of compounded prescriptions for pediatric patients at Sungai Tutung Public Health Center in 2024 based on pharmaceutical aspects, particularly dosage appropriateness. Methods: This study used a descriptive observational design with a retrospective approach. The sample consisted of 60 pediatric compounded prescriptions with 162 drug items. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis. Results: The results showed that 42 prescriptions, or 70.0%, were categorized as valid, while 18 prescriptions, or 30.0%, were invalid. Children aged 2–5 years were the most frequent group receiving compounded prescriptions, accounting for 56.7%. Of 162 drug items, 140 items, or 86.4%, had appropriate dosages, while 22 items, or 13.6%, were overdosed. Dosage discrepancies were found in ranitidine, chlorpheniramine maleate, and guaifenesin. Conclusion: This study concludes that the sensuality of pediatric compounded prescriptions was generally adequate; however, improved prescription accuracy and strengthened screening by pharmaceutical personnel are still needed.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRAUMATIC HYPHEMA WITH SECONDARY GLAUCOMA IN A 6-YEAR-OLD CHILD: A CASE REPORT
Background: Hyphema is a condition where blood collects in the anterior chamber of the eye, usually caused by blunt trauma that results in tearing of the uveal blood vessels (traumatic hyphema). This condition is an ophthalmological emergency that can lead to permanent vision loss if not treated promptly. Global data indicates the incidence of traumatic hyphema is 12 per 100,000 patients. In Indonesia, Cicendo Eye Hospital reports that 88.3% of ocular trauma in children is caused by blunt trauma. Methods: This case report describes a 6-year-old boy who complained of pain in his left eye for 2 days, accompanied by blurred vision, a sensation of darkness, glare when exposed to light, excessive tearing, and a foreign body sensation. Results: The patient had a history of ocular trauma due to a sports-related injury three days prior. Visual acuity examination showed 6/6 OD and 1/300 OS. Physical examination of the left eye revealed edema of the superior and inferior eyelids, conjunctival and scleral hyperemia with ciliary injection, and blood filling of the anterior chamber reaching approximately 60–70% of the chamber height. The iris and pupil were not assessable. Tonometry revealed elevated left ocular intraocular pressure. The patient was diagnosed with a grade III traumatic hyphema with secondary glaucoma. Conclusion: Education and conservative management were provided. After 6 days, symptoms improved, the hyphema regressed, and IOP decreased.
PROFILE OF DRUG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPS) IN OUTPATIENT HYPERTENSION PATIENTS AT BAYUNG LENCIR PUBLIC HEALTH CENTER IN 2024
Background; Drug-related problems (DRPs) are events associated with drug therapy, whether actual or potential, that may hinder the achievement of intended health outcomes. This study describes the profile of DRPs occurrences among outpatient hypertensive patients at Bayung Lencir Community Health Center in 2024, based on the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) classification version 9.1. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional design with retrospective data collection was employed, utilizing purposive sampling. The identification and evaluation of DRP incidents were conducted based on the PCNE V9.1 classification. Results: The results show that antihypertensive drug use was predominantly from the Calcium Channel Blocker (CCB) class, particularly amlodipine (86.59%). Among the 82 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 52 experienced DRPs. The primary DRP categories identified were potential suboptimal drug treatment effects (13.89%), untreated indications or symptoms (8.33%), potential adverse drug events (72.22%), and unnecessary drug therapy (4.17%). The incidence of drug-related problems (DRPs) among outpatients with hypertension at the Bayung Lencir Community Health Center remains relatively high, with the most common category being potential adverse drug events. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the importance of comprehensive evaluation to improve treatment effectiveness and patient safety.
OBSTRUCTIVE ILEUS IN PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS PATIENT UNDERGOING ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS THERAPY: A CASE REPORT
Background: One of the most serious complications arising from intestinal TB is obstructive ileus. Around 15% to 54% of gastrointestinal tuberculosis patients have concurrent pulmonary TB. Awareness of this complication matters particularly in patients already receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy. Methods: Case presentation: A 49-year-old woman with pulmonary tuberculosis, five months into treatment, presented with progressive colicky abdominal pain, distension, nausea, and obstipation. Examination showed a distended, tender abdomen with hyperactive bowel sounds. Supporting investigations revealed mild microcytic anemia, electrolyte imbalance, and radiological features of mechanical obstruction. Results: Laparotomy demonstrated multiple adhesions involving the jejunum, ileum, omentum, and mesenteric lymph nodes, with intestinal ischemia. Histopathology confirmed chronic granulomatous inflammation consistent with tuberculosis. Adhesiolysis, supportive care, and continuation of anti-tuberculosis therapy resulted in recovery. Conclusion: Intestinal tuberculosis should remain a differential diagnosis in pulmonary tuberculosis patients presenting with bowel obstruction, even during treatment. Timely surgical intervention combined with ongoing anti-tuberculosis therapy is essential to reduce morbidity.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMMUNITY BEHAVIOR IN WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE INCIDENCE OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN INDONESIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Background: Trash containers can potentially serve as breeding sites for mosquitoes that transmit dengue hemorrhagic fever. This study aims to examine the relationship between community waste management practices and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Indonesia. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA approach on articles published between 2020 and 2025. Literature searches were performed using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases, yielding five articles that met the inclusion criteria. Results: The findings indicate a significant association between community behavior in waste management and the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Communities that do not implement proper waste management practices are at a higher risk of developing dengue fever compared to those that do. Conclusion: Therefore, the application of the 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle) is strongly recommended to minimize potential breeding sites for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES AND THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING AMONG TODDLERS AT THE SIKABU COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER IN PADANG PARIAMAN: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Background: Stunting remains a serious public health concern in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the relationship between maternal and child health (MCH) service utilization, including antenatal care (ANC) visits, exclusive breastfeeding, complete basic immunization, vitamin A supplementation, and child growth monitoring and the incidence of stunting in children under five at at Sikabu Public Health Center, Padang Pariaman Regency, in 2025. Methods: This study used a case-control design with a 1:1 ratio, involving 154 respondents (77 cases and 77 controls). Data were obtained from E-PPBGM, Maternal Cohort Register, Nutrition Register, and Immunization Register. Analysis was conducted using Chi-Square tests and multiple logistic regression. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that incomplete ANC visits (p<0.001; OR=7.13), absence of exclusive breastfeeding (p<0.001; OR=14.1), and irregular growth monitoring (p<0.001; OR=3.92) were significantly associated with stunting. Multivariate analysis identified exclusive breastfeeding as the most dominant risk factor (Adjusted OR=18.3), followed by ANC visits (Adjusted OR=10.6) and vitamin A supplementation (p=0.03). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding, ANC visits, and growth monitoring are MCH service components associated with stunting incidence, with exclusive breastfeeding as the dominant factor. Optimization of all MCH service components is essential for accelerating stunting reduction.
DETERMINANTS OF IRON AND FOLIC ACID SUPPLEMENTATION ADHERENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON ANEMIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Background: Anemia in pregnant women remains a major global public health problem, particularly in developing countries, including Indonesia. One of the primary interventions to prevent anemia is iron supplementation. However, the effectiveness of this intervention is highly dependent on adherence to iron tablet consumption among pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the determinants of adherence to iron supplementation and its impact on anemia through a synthesis of international and national studies. Methods: The method used was a literature review of five reputable scientific articles with cross-sectional and case-control designs. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive narrative approach with thematic synthesis focusing on determinants and anemia outcomes. Results: The results show that adherence to iron supplementation remains low, with an average below 50%. The main determinants include maternal education, socioeconomic status, antenatal care (ANC) visits, access to healthcare services, and exposure to health information. In addition, program-related factors such as social assistance and the quality of healthcare services also play a role. Adherence to iron supplementation has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of anemia, with an estimated reduction of more than 25%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that anemia in pregnancy is a multifactorial problem influenced by individual, social, and healthcare system factors. Interventions to improve adherence should be carried out comprehensively through education, strengthening ANC services, and optimizing community-based health programs.
THE EFFECT OF AMBIENT RELAXATION MUSIC ON ANXIETY OF PROSPECTIVE IMPLANT KB ACCEPTORS AT TPMB ELLA WIYASA PUTRI INDAHWAN KROMENGAN DISTRICT, MALANG
Background: Background: Anxiety is response common psychological experienced candidate acceptor birth control implant before procedure installation, which can influence readiness, comfort, and acceptance to Action. One non-pharmacological method that can be applied to address this problem is ambient relaxation music, which has gentle and soothing properties. This study aims to evaluate the impact of relaxation using ambient music on anxiety in prospective contraceptive implant recipients. Methods: Study This use design pre-experimental one group pretest- posttest on 30 respondents with purposive sampling. Anxiety measured before and after intervention music 20 minutes of ambient relaxation using HARS. Results: The pretest results showed 60.0% (18 respondents) were anxious mild, 26.7% (8 respondents) moderate, and 13.3% (4 respondents) severe. After intervention, occurs change to 16.7% (5 respondents) no anxious, 46.7% (14 respondents) mild, and 36.7% (11 respondents) moderate. The Wilcoxon test shows difference significant (Z = -2.887; p = 0.004), confirming effectiveness music deep ambient relaxation lower anxiety candidate implant contraceptive acceptor as well as potential as intervention simple, safe, and applicable non- pharmacological in service midwifery. Conclusion: relaxation using ambient music has significant effect on reduction of anxiety candidate implant contraceptive acceptor.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND VISCERAL FAT AREA WITH CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK STRATIFICATION IN THE INDUSTRIAL WORKERS
Background: Body mass index (BMI) is widely used in occupational health screening but does not account for fat distribution and may misclassify metabolic risk. Visceral fat area (VFA) may provide additional insight into cardiometabolic risk, particularly in physically active industrial populations. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative association of BMI and VFA with cardiometabolic abnormalities and to assess whether VFA improves risk stratification in an industrial workforce. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 108 industrial workers undergoing occupational health surveillance. Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Cardiometabolic abnormality was defined as ≥1 of the following: elevated blood pressure, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, dysglycemia, or corresponding medication use. BMI was categorized using Asian-Pacific cutoffs (≥23 kg/m²), and VFA as high (≥100 cm²). Associations were analyzed using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Sensitivity analysis was performed within a ±30-day measurement interval. Results: Among workers with BMI ≥23 kg/m², those with high VFA had a significantly higher prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities (82.5% vs. 48.9%, p<0.001). High VFA was independently associated with increased odds of abnormality (OR 6.66, 95% CI 2.30–19.31, p<0.001), whereas BMI was not independently associated. Results remained consistent in sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: VFA improves cardiometabolic risk stratification beyond BMI and provides a more actionable basis for fitness-for-work assessment in industrial settings.
THE LIVER FUNCTION TEST (TRANSAMINASE ENZYMES AND BILIRUBIN) AND THE KIDNEY FUNCTION TESTS (UREA, CREATININE) ANALYSIS IN MDR-TB DURING TREATMENT
Background: Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment caused side effects such as hepatotoxicity and acute kidney injury (AKI). Monitoring liver and kidney function in patients during treatment is crucial to prevent complication. Methods: A retrospective study of 19 patients confirmed MDR-TB in the period 2022-2025. Liver function test (transaminase enzymes and bilirubin) and kidney function test (urea and creatinine) during the first three month of treatment were analyzed. Results: Statistically, there was no difference in all parameters (p>0.05). Increases in total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT levels occurred in the third month of TB treatment. While urea and creatinine levels increased in the second and third months. Conclusion: Monitoring of liver and kidney function during MDR-TB treatment is necessary to monitor patient condition.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN MATERNAL FACTORS AND THE INCIDENCE OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT IN WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE 2024 INDONESIAN NUTRITIONAL STATUS SURVEY DATA
Background: Low Birth Weight is a major cause of infant mortality and serves as a key indicator for assessing a country's health status. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal factors and the incidence of Low Birth Weight in West Sumatra through an analysis of the 2024 Indonesian Nutritional Status Survey data. Methods: The study was conducted from August 2025 to March 2026 using a cross-sectional study design. A total sampling method was applied, resulting in a sample size of 5,834 infants. The analysis included univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Results: The prevalence of LBW in West Sumatra was 7.2%. Bivariate analysis revealed that hypertension (p=0.0001), intrauterine growth restriction (p=0.0001), and preeclampsia (p=0.0001) were significantly associated with LBW. In contrast, anemia, parity, excessive gestational weight gain, and ANC visits did not show significant relationships. Multivariate analysis identified intrauterine growth restriction as the most dominant risk factor (AOR=18.616), followed by preeclampsia (AOR=3.164) and hypertension (AOR=2.477). Conclusion: Intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, and hypertension are the primary determinants of LBW incidence in West Sumatra. Strengthening the quality of medical risk screening and intensive fetal growth monitoring within antenatal care (ANC) services is urgently required as a preventive measure.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE START AND CTAS TRIAGE SYSTEMS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT IN EMERGENCY DEPARTEMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Background: Emergency departments (ED) are often overwhelmed during mass casualty incidents (MCI). The trade-off between the speed of Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) and the accuracy of the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) poses a management dilemma. This study aims to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of START and CTAS in ED. Methods: A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Sixteen publications from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PMC were evaluated with five main articles analyzed for direct comparison. Results: The study shows that START is proven to be much faster (average of 33 seconds/patient) with high sensitivity in critical patients but has a high risk of under triage, whereas CTAS takes longer (138 seconds/patient) but excels in clinical accuracy and resource allocation precision. There is no single ideal instrument for MCI. Conclusion: The implementation of a dual triage model using START at the ED entrance followed by CTAS in the care area is highly recommended to optimally balance response speed and patient safety.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIDEOTRON AS AN EDUCATIONAL MEDIUM FOR WASTE REDUCTION AND IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH IN CENTRAL BANJARMASIN
Background: The waste problem in Banjarmasin City, particularly in Central Banjarmasin, remains a serious challenge that impacts environmental quality and public health. Low public awareness and knowledge regarding waste management contribute to environmental pollution and increase the risk of environmental-based diseases. One effort undertaken by the local government is the use of digital media in public spaces, such as Videotron, as a means of educating people about waste reduction and promoting environmental health. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of using Videotron’s as an educational medium in increasing public knowledge and its contribution to environmental health awareness in Central Banjarmasin. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentation of residents exposed to Videotron displays, as well as government officials and media managers. Data analysis was carried out through data reduction, data presentation, and thematic conclusion drawing. Results: The study found that Videotron had visual Appeal and Attention-Grabbing Ability, could Increasing Knowledge about Waste Management, and it could contribute to Environmental Health Awareness. Conclusion: Videotron is useful as an educational medium for waste reduction and improving public health in Central Banjarmasin.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF START TRIAGE AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ESI IN MANAGING MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS (MCI) IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Background: The Emergency Department (ED) frequently faces patient overcrowding during Mass Casualty Incidents (MCI). The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is often considered too complex and time-consuming during patient surges. The Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) method has been proposed as an alternative due to its rapid application. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of START compared to ESI in terms of speed, accuracy, and ease of use in disaster situations. Methods: This study employed a Systematic Literature Review design based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches were conducted in electronic databases for articles published between 2015 and 2025. Of 50 identified articles, 25 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Results: The findings indicate that START is significantly faster (less than 60 seconds per patient) than ESI (3–5 minutes) effectively reducing patient flow bottlenecks. While ESI shows high specificity for non-trauma cases, START demonstrates up to 100% sensitivity in identifying critically injured trauma patients. START also imposes a lower cognitive burden on nurses in high-stress conditions. Conclusion: These findings support START as an effective alternative triage system during disaster response to manage trauma patient surges.
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF STUNTING EARLY THROUGH MATERNAL HEALTH CARE BASED ON LOCAL COASTAL WISDOM KENDARI CITY
Background: Stunting is a widespread health problem and needs to be a priority in achieving Indonesia's Golden Age. One cause is the low level of knowledge among pregnant women regarding the use of local foods. Therefore, it is necessary to break the chain of stunting early through education and regular health check-ups. Purpose: To determine the effect of local wisdom-based health assistance on knowledge, eating habits, and fetal heart rate (FHR) in pregnant women. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre-post test. The sample consisted of 21 pregnant women in the coastal area of Kendari City, divided into 21 intervention groups and 21 control groups. The intervention provided was health assistance (education and regular health check-ups). The instruments used were questionnaires and fetal Doppler. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Results: Knowledge scores increased by an average of 15 before the intervention and 19 after the intervention. The control group's knowledge score before the intervention averaged 17 and 17 after the intervention. Eating habits in the intervention group averaged 289 before the intervention and 300 after the intervention. The control group's eating habits averaged 252 before the intervention and 264 after the intervention. Fetal heart rate in the intervention group increased from 133 before treatment to 143 after treatment. The control group's pre-test average was 137 and post-test average was 142. The Mann-Whitney test results showed a p-value of 0.000 <0.05 (knowledge), a p-value of 0.006 (eating habits), and a p-value of 0.004 (fetal heart rate). Conclusion: Local wisdom-based health assistance impacts knowledge and eating habits, as well as fetal heart rate.
THE ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT IN A PATIENT WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTION AT SEHAT KANIDEE CLINIC IN BOGOR CITY
Background: Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common infectious disease with a high risk of recurrence and potential complications if not properly managed. In addition to pharmacological treatment, safe complementary approaches may help support symptom improvement. Acupuncture is a complementary therapy that has been applied in various urinary system disorders. This study aimed to explore the benefits of acupuncture care for a patient with UTI at Klinik Sehat Kanidee, Bogor. Methods: A clinical case study design with a descriptive qualitative approach was used. The subject was one patient diagnosed with UTI. Acupuncture therapy was administered in six sessions, twice weekly. Diagnosis and evaluation were conducted using the four diagnostic methods of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Results: Outcome measures included changes in dysuria, urinary frequency, sensation of incomplete voiding, and overall patient condition. After six sessions, the patient showed gradual improvement in the main UTI symptoms. Dysuria and the sensation of incomplete voiding resolved, urinary frequency returned to normal, and the general condition improved. From an acupuncture perspective, improvement in Spleen and Kidney Qi deficiency syndrome was observed. Conclusion: Conclusion: Acupuncture may provide clinical benefits and can be considered a complementary therapy in UTI management.
UTILIZATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MEDICAL EMERGENCY SERVICES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH ENHANCEMENT
Background: Digital transformation in healthcare, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), has created significant opportunities to enhance emergency medical services. However, the clinical effectiveness and public health impact of AI in emergency contexts require comprehensive evidence synthesis. Methods: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Literature searches were performed across six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, CINAHL, Google Scholar) for publications from 2015 to 2025. Nine empirical studies met the inclusion criteria after rigorous selection. Results: AI demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (85–96%) for acute conditions such as intracranial hemorrhage and sepsis. AI implementation reduced sepsis mortality by 17% in facilities with high digital maturity. However, medical chatbots showed low accuracy (58%) and potential for harmful recommendations. Ethical issues, algorithmic bias, and infrastructure readiness emerged as major challenges. Conclusion: AI has the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of emergency services, but its success depends on infrastructure readiness, ethical governance, and targeted implementation strategies.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HYPNOTHERAPY-BASED EMOTIONAL FREEDOM TECHNIQUES ON INCREASING SELF-ESTEEM IN ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCING BULLYING
Background: Bullying experienced by adolescents can have a negative impact, particularly on self-esteem, which can hinder their psychological and social development. One of the psychological interventions needed is the Emotional Freedom Technique (EFT). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of EFT in improving self-esteem among adolescents who are victims of bullying. Methods: The study employed an experimental design using a pre-test post-test control group approach. The subjects of the study were adolescents identified as experiencing bullying. Results: The findings revealed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. In the experimental group, there was a significant increase in self-esteem following the EFT intervention, whereas the control group showed no change. Conclusion: The Emotional Freedom Technique is effective in enhancing the self-esteem of adolescent victims of bullying. The results of this study are anticipated to serve as a practical and straightforward alternative psychological intervention that can be implemented by health professionals and school counselors to assist adolescents in overcoming the negative effects of bullying.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH SEEKING BEHAVIOUR OF PNEUMONIA CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN LUBUK BEGALUNG HEALTH CENTER 2024
Background: The Lubuk Begalung Community Health Centre has the highest number of pneumonia cases among children under five from 2020 to 2023. Pneumonia is a leading cause of infection-related mortality in children under five. Poor health seeking behaviour may lead to complications and increase the risk of death. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with treatment-seeking behaviour for pneumonia among children under five at the Lubuk Begalung Community Health Centre. Methods: This study uses an analytical research type with a cross-sectional design and was conducted from February to June 2024 at the Lubuk Begalung Community Health Centre. The sample in this study consisted of 87 respondents. Data were analysed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses. Results: The statistical test results showed that 62.1% of respondents had poor health-seeking behaviour for pneumonia among children under five. Bivariate analysis indicated that mother’s age (p = 0.004; PR = 1.719; 95% CI: 1.190–2.483), mother’s knowledge (p < 0.0001; PR = 3.063; 95% CI: 2.049–4.578), and perceived disease severity (p = 0.014; PR = 1.587; 95% CI: 1.109–2.270) were associated with health-seeking behaviour for pneumonia among children under five. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that family income was associated with health-seeking behaviour (p = 0.017; PR = 16.406; 95% CI: 1.642–163.900). Conclusion: Health-seeking behavior for pneumonia among children under five is influenced by maternal age, maternal knowledge, and the perceived severity of the illness, with family income being the most dominant factor. Therefore, enhanced health education efforts are needed by the Padang City Health Office and the Lubuk Begalung Community Health Center, particularly regarding the symptoms and danger signs of pneumonia, as well as the importance of seeking early treatment at healthcare facilities.
Living Near the Mines: Understanding the Multifactor Causes of Acute Respiratory Infection in Toddlers of Konawe Regency
Background: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity among children under five in Indonesia. Mining areas have a higher risk of ARI occurrence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between epidemiological, environmental, behavioral, and health service factors and the incidence of ARI among children under five in the mining area of Morosi District, Konawe Regency. Methods: This research employed a cross-sectional design with a total of 118 mothers of children under five selected through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis to describe frequency distributions and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. Results: The results showed an ARI prevalence of 75.4%. The presence of black mold (p-value = 0.003), type of house ventilation (p-value = 0.029), distance from the house to the industry (p-value = 0.020), and distance from the house to the main road (p-value = 0.037) were significantly associated with ARI. Household behavior of opening windows (p-value = 0.025) and the availability of a village health post (p-value = 0.001) were also significantly related to ARI incidence. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ARI incidence among children under five in the mining area of Morosi is influenced by environmental factors (ventilation and black mold), household behavior (window-opening habit), and access to primary health care facilities (village health post). ARI prevention efforts should focus on improving home environmental conditions, promoting clean and healthy living behaviors, and enhancing access to primary health services in mining areas.
INFLUENCE OF BIOACTIVE SPICE EXTRACTS ON THE FUNCTIONAL AND MICROBIAL INTEGRITY OF A TRADITIONAL FERMENTED RICE FOOD
This study investigates the impact of incorporating natural spices ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), and cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% on the microbial stability, physicochemical properties, nutritional composition, sensory attributes, and safety of Sinasir (Rice pancake), a traditional Nigerian fermented rice cake. Methods: Over an 8-week storage period, samples were analyzed for microbial load, pH, temperature, titratable acidity, proximate composition (carbohydrates, moisture, fat, ash, protein, and fiber), sensory evaluation, hazard analysis, and antimicrobial sensitivity. Results: this finding indicated that spice-treated samples, particularly those with 5% clove and garlic, exhibited significantly lower bacterial and coliform counts compared to the control, which reached TNTC by week 4. The 5% clove sample maintained bacterial counts below 3.6 × 10⁵ CFU/g at week 8. pH levels in spiced samples remained acidic (4.2–4.5), while the control increased to 5.8, correlating with spoilage. Moisture content decreased with higher spice concentrations, enhancing shelf stability. The 5% garlic sample showed the highest protein content (9.85%), and the 5% clove sample had the highest ash content (2.41%). Sensory evaluation favored 3% and 5% spice-treated samples. The bacterial isolates include Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Lactobacillus fermentum. Antimicrobial assays revealed significant inhibition zones against foodborne pathogens, particularly for clove and garlic extracts. Conclusion: These findings support the use of local spices in improving the safety, quality, and acceptability of traditional fermented foods.
Detection of Faecal Contamination and Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Drinking Water Sources within Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria
Background: This study assessed the microbiological and physicochemical quality of drinking water sources in Kumbotso Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A total of 60 samples were collected from well water, borehole water, and sachet water (20 each). Standard microbiological and physicochemical methods were employed to determine the microbial load, coliform counts, and water quality parameters. Results: The results revealed significantly higher contamination in well and borehole water compared to sachet water. The mean total coliform count by membrane filtration was 58.42 ± 98.31 CFU/100 mL in well water and 22.75 ± 79.56 CFU/100 mL in borehole water, while sachet water showed no coliforms. Similarly, faecal coliforms were detected in well water (7.65 ± 11.78 CFU/mL) and borehole water (5.20 ± 13.65 CFU/mL), exceeding the WHO guideline of zero. Klebsiella spp. (60.0%) and Escherichia coli (23.6%) were the predominant bacterial isolates, with pathogenic E. coli prevalence of 11.54%. Molecular analysis via 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed E. coli isolates with high similarity (96–98%) to pathogenic strains. Conclusion: Physicochemical parameters were generally within WHO standards, except turbidity, which exceeded the permissible limit. These findings highlight significant public health risks associated with well and borehole water in Kumbotso LGA, necessitating regular monitoring and improved water treatment strategies.
NURSING CARE HYPOVOLEMIA MANAGEMENT CHILDREN WITH DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN RSHD BENGKULU
Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is classified as an Arthropod-Borne Virus, genus Flavivirus, and family Flaviviridae. DHF is transmitted through mosquito bites from the genus Aedes, especially Aedes aegypti which can attack all age groups. According to data from the World Health Organization, an estimated 500,000 DHF patients require home care each year and most of the sufferers are children, in Indonesia there are 129,435 cases. This study aims to determine the Description of Nursing Care for Hypovolemia Management in Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Hypovolemia. Methods: This case study uses a qualitative descriptive research design using a death process approach, providing a systematic, actual and accurate description of Nursing Care for Hypovolemia Management in Children with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever with Hypovolemia. Results: there was an increase in fluid status with SLKI at level 3 (moderate) in both patients Conclusion: increase in fluid status with SLKI at level 3 (moderate).
Copyright (c) 2025 INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJHSRD) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
SOCIOECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PARENTING PATTERNS ON THE INCIDENCE OF STUNTING IN TODDLERS IN AKABILURU DISTRICT, LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY
Background: Akabiluru Subdistrict was chosen as the research location because of the high prevalence of stunting among toddlers and its correlation with various socioeconomic factors and parenting patterns at the household level. This study aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors and parenting patterns on the incidence of stunting among toddlers. Methods: This study used a mixed-method design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The quantitative stage used a case-control study with a sample of 94 cases and 94 controls. The qualitative phase used a sequential explanatory model through FGDs with selected informants to explore mothers' perceptions, cultural factors, family roles, and access to information, which were thematically analyzed to support the quantitative findings. Results: The results of this study found that maternal education, exclusive breastfeeding, and basic immunization status were significantly associated with stunting, with exclusive breastfeeding being the dominant factor. Qualitative findings showed that exclusive breastfeeding practices were influenced by maternal perceptions, cultural factors, family roles, and access to information. Conclusion: This study shows that exclusive breastfeeding is a dominant factor associated with stunting in toddlers in Akabiluru District.
ANALYSIS OF THE CLEAN AND HEALTHY LIVING BEHAVIOR ON DIARRHEA INCIDENCE AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6–12 YEARS IN MOROSI HEALTH CENTER
Background: The Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (CHLB) is important for prevent diarrhea, which is still common in children school. WHO (2024) states diarrhea causes 8% of deaths children in developing countries consequence sanitation bad and low habit hygienic. Research This aim analyze relationship between CHLB and incident diarrhea in children ages 6–12 years in the work area Morosi Community Health Center. Methods: Study This use approach quantitative cross-sectional. Population totaling 902 children, with sample as many as 90 children were taken use Slovin's formula. Data collected through questionnaire closed and inspected water laboratory, including four CHLB variables: washing hand use soap, ownership toilet healthy, clean water provision, and consumption vegetables and fruit. Analysis using the chi-square test and the phi coefficient. Results: The results show all CHLB variables are related significant with incident diarrhea, with strength connection medium: hand washing (φ = 0.346), healthy toilets (φ = 0.517), clean water (φ = 0.544), and consumption of fruits and vegetables (φ = 0.451). Conclusion: In conclusion that behavior hygiene and pattern consumption Healthy lower risk diarrhea. It is recommended existence intervention government, health centers, and parents for push implementation of CHLB consistent.
INTEGRATION OF THE SEHAT-LINGKUNGAN MODEL INTO QUALITY AND ACCREDITATION SYSTEMS: A CASE STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK MANAGEMENT AT THE MUNA DISTRICT HEALTH CENTRE
Background: Environmental health management in health care facilities is an important determinant in ensuring service quality and patient safety. Community health centres in Muna Regency face real challenges in the form of non-standardized medical waste management, limited water quality monitoring, and inadequate basic sanitation facilities. Previous research emphasizes the importance of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in primary care accreditation, but the integration of environmental health indicators into the quality system of health centre in Indonesia has rarely been studied, especially in resource-limited areas. Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a case study design in three Health centre (Kabawo, Katobu, and Tampo) through in-depth interviews, field observations, and document reviews. Results: The results show that the dominant weaknesses in each health centre are different: Kabawo faces problems in medical waste management, Katobu in the consistency of clean water monitoring, and Tampo in limited sanitation infrastructure, all of which have a direct impact on accreditation scores. Conclusion: These findings confirm the relevance of integrating the Environmental health Model into the primary service quality system as an adaptive strategy that can strengthen health policies, improve human resource capacity, and encourage the achievement of accreditation quality standards in areas with limited resources.
THE EFFECT OF PELVIC ROCKING ON PAIN REDUCTION DURING THE FIRST STAGE OF LATENT PHASE LABOR AT POASIA COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER KENDARI CITY
Background: The latent phase of the first stage of labor, during the initial period of contractions until the cervix dilates to 3 centimeters, can last approximately 6-12 hours. During this phase, the body starts preparing the cervix to open and widen, allowing the baby to pass through the birth canal. One method that can be used to reduce labor pain is pelvic rocking. Methods: This study employed a true experimental design using a pretest-posttest group design, involving both an experimental group and a control group. The study population consisted of 56 pregnant women. The research instrument used was a pain assessment observation sheet with the Numeric Rating Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The study showed that, in the experimental group, the average pain level of mothers in the first stage of labor before the intervention was 4.11. After the intervention, which involved pelvic rocking, there was a decrease in the pain scale, with an average pain level of 2.38. In the control group, the pretest pain showed an average pain level of 4.27, while the posttest pain assessment showed an average pain level of 3.83. Based on statistical tests, a p-value (asymp. sig. 2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: This study states that pelvic rocking has an effect on reducing pain during the first stage of labor. It is suggested that a combination therapy be provided to enhance comfort through pain scale reduction.
DESIGN OF AN ANDROID-BASED ONLINE REGISTRATION APPLICATION FOR OUTPATIENT SERVICE AT THE NUR ILAHI MENTAL HEALTH CLINIC
Background: Nur Ilahi Mental Health Clinic is a health care facility that has implemented service digitization. Currently, patient who are registered as health insurance (JKN) participants can register online through the Mobile JKN application provided by BPJS Health. This condition creates inequality in the queuing service experience of general patients an BPJS patients, especially in terms certainty of queue numbers and estimated service time received. Based on these problems, this study aims to design an android-based outpatient registration application that is easy to use by general patients (Non-BPJS). Methods: The research method used in this research in the prototyping method which is a software method in the form of a physical model directly involving the creation of an initial model of the software to feedback before final development begins. Results: The results showed a percentage of 100% on ease of use as well as satisfaction and availability of using the application. With the design of this android-based general patient registration application, it is hoped that it will be able to provide solutions to patients who do not have BPJS insurance to register for queues online. Conclusion: So that there is no gap between BPJS patient and Non-BPJS patients in registering at the Nur Ilahi Mental Clinic.
MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANT OF DEATH OF INDONESIAN HAJJ PILGRIMS 2022-2024
Background: The Hajj pilgrimage is an annual religious activity carried out at specific times, locations, and activities, attended by millions of Muslims from around the world (mass gathering). Indonesia, as the country with the largest number of Hajj pilgrims, faces serious challenges in terms of relatively high pilgrim mortality rates each year. Data indicates that the mortality rate of Indonesian Hajj pilgrims peaking at 3.38‰ in 2023. Pilgrim deaths are influenced by various factors, including individual factors, factors related to the the Hajj, and environmental factors. This study aims to identify the factors influencing mortality among Indonesian hajj pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage period from 2022 to 2024. Methods: This cross-sectional study consisted of 1,686 samples from the Hajj Health Center data source, Indonesian Ministry of Health (SISKOHATKES SHAR'I) and environmental data from NASA POWER. Results: The determinants of death with p<0.05 were age, gender, history of anemia, history of hypertension, high-risk health status, and history of chronic respiratory disease. The individual level was the most significant contributor to the outcome, accounting for 75,29%. Conclusion: Knowing the determinants of pilgrim mortality enables health education to be implemented from the first health examination and can also be carried out in collaboration with the Hajj Organizing Agency through the existing KBIH.